Weedon Osborne was born on November 13, 1892, in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from Northwestern University Dental School in Evanston, Illinois, in 1915, and was appointed a U.S. Navy Dental Surgeon in the U.S. Naval Coast Defense Reserve on May 8, 1917. LTJG Osborne served aboard the battleship USS Alabama (BB-8) from December 1917 to March 1918, and then as a replacement dental officer for the 6th Marine Regiment of the Marine Expeditionary Force in France from May 1918 until he was killed in action during the Battle of Belleau Wood on June 6, 1918. He was buried at the Aisne-Marne American Cemetery and Memorial in Bellleau, France. The destroyer USS Osborne (DD-295) was named in his honor in 1919.

His Medal of Honor Citation reads:

For extraordinary heroism while attached to the 6th Regiment, U.S. Marines, in actual conflict with the enemy and under fire during the advance on Bouresche, France, on 6 June 1918. In the hottest of the fighting when the marines made their famous advance on Bouresche at the southern edge of Belleau Wood, Lt (j.g.). Osborne threw himself zealously into the work of rescuing the wounded. Extremely courageous in the performance of this perilous task, he was killed while carrying a wounded officer to a place of safety.